Tasmanian Devil

 

Beauty Of Animal | Tasmanian Devil | As funny as it was, the familiar Looney Tunes portrayal of a Tasmanian devil, gurgling growl, insatiable lunatic is, at times, not all that far from the truth. Tasmanian devils have known cantankerous disposition and will fly into mad mad when threatened by a predator, fighting for a mate, or defending a meal. The early European settlers dubbed the "devil" after witnessing such displays, which include teeth-baring, lunging, and an array of bone-chilling guttural growl.

Mammals have the famed feisty brown or black fur coat rough and muscular profile that gives them the appearance of a baby bear. Most have white lines or patches on their chest and light spots on the sides or the back. They have long legs front and back legs are shorter, giving their gait, slow piglike. The Tasmanian devil is the largest carnivorous marsupial in the world, reaching 30 inches (76 cm) in length and weighing up to 26 pounds (12 kilograms), although its size will vary depending on the specific range and availability of food. Its oversize head houses sharp teeth and strong jaw muscles that can deliver, pound for pound, one of the most powerful bite of any mammal.

Tasmanian devils are strictly carnivorous, living on small prey such as snakes, birds, fish, and insects and often communal feasting on the carcass. They are their most rowdy when jockeying for position at the carcass. As with other marsupials, when they are well fed, their tails swell with stored fat. Satan is a solitary and nocturnal, spending their days alone in hollow logs, caves or burrows, and emerge at night to feed. They use long whiskers and a very good sense of smell and sight to avoid predators and find prey and carrion. They will eat pretty much anything they can get their teeth, and when they do find food, they're greedy, consuming everything-including hair, organs, and bones.

 

Mother gave birth after about three weeks of pregnancy to 20 or 30 very tiny young. It's the size of a baby crawling up raisin mother fur and into her pouch. However, the mother has only four nipples, so only a handful of babies survive. Babies appear after about four months and generally weaned by the sixth month, and by the eighth. Once abundant throughout Australia Tasmanian devils are now indigenous only island state Tasmania. They range covers the entire island of Tasmania, although they are partial to coastal scrublands and forests. Biologists speculate that their extinction in mainland Asia due to the introduction of dogs, or dingoes.

Efforts in the 1800s to eradicate Tasmanian devils, which farmers erroneously believed to have killed livestock (although they are known to take poultry), which was almost successful. In 1941, the government made the devil a protected species, and their number has been growing steadily ever since.

Tragically, though, catastrophic illness discovered in the mid-1990s has killed tens of thousands of Tasmanian devils. Called the devil facial tumor disease (DFTD), is rapidly spreading condition is a rare contagious cancer that causes large bumps to form around the mouth and head of the animal, making it difficult for it to eat. The animal eventually dies of starvation. Animal health experts execution populations where the disease is not yet up and focused on breeding programs to save the species from extinction. Since the outbreak, the Australian government has listed Tasmanian devils as vulnerable.

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African Wild Ass

Beauty Of Animal | African Wild Ass | The African wild ass is a hardy animal which is well adapted to desert life. It can sustain water loss of up to 30% of its body weight, and can drink enough water in two to five minutes to restore fluid loss. The species was domesticated about 6,000 years ago, and is mentioned frequently in the Bible. Domestic donkeys are now found all over the world, yet only a few hundred of their wild ancestors survive. Populations of wild asses are decreasing as a result of hunting, competition with livestock for limited desert resources, and hybridization with domestic donkey.

The African wild ass is primarily active in the cooler hours between late afternoon and early morning, seeking shade and shelter amongst the rocky hills during the day.  Swift and sure-footed in their rough, rocky habitat, the African wild ass has been clocked at 50 kmph / 30 mph.  Mature males defend large territories around 23 square kilometers in size, marking them with dung heaps - an essential marker in the flat, monotonous terrain.  Due to the size of these ranges, the dominant male cannot exclude other males.

 Rather, intruders are tolerated - recognized and treated as subordinates, and kept as far away as possible from any of the resident females.  In the presence of estrous females the males bray loudly.  Despite being primarily adapted for living in an arid climate, African wild asses are dependent on water, and when not receiving the needed moisture from vegetation they must drink at least once every three days.  However, they can survive on a surprisingly small amount of liquid, and have been known to drink salty or brackish water.
Horses are perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates), a group of herbivores that also includes rhinoceroses and tapirs. The first horses appeared in the early Eocene of North America, around 56 million years ago. 

 

They were the size of small dogs and had several toes on each foot, unlike the single hooves of modern horses. These early horses closely resembled the ancestors of rhinos and tapirs. They were browsers, and lived in forests and savannas. During the Miocene (25-8 mya) climate change led to a reduction in the amount of forest cover and an increase in grasslands. This was a time of great evolutionary change for the early equids, with many groups evolving larger body sizes and adapting to a grazing lifestyle. Horse diversity peaked in the mid-Miocene (11-9.5 mya), with more than a dozen different genera evolving in many different sizes.

Since that time horse diversity has gradually decreased, with all forms becoming extinct with the exception of the modern horse genus, Equus. This genus first evolved during the North American Pliocene (4.5 to 1.8 million years ago). Members of this successful genus spread throughout Asia, Europe, Africa and South America during the first major glaciations of the late Pliocene (2.6 mya). However, in the late Pleistocene (around 12,000 years ago) all of the New World horse species became extinct, along with most other large mammals in North and South America. Today, wild horses are found only in parts of Africa and Asia. They are classified into four main groups within the genus Equus:

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Kudu

Beauty Of Animal | Kudu | The kudu is a sub-species of antelope are found inhabiting shrub mixed forest and savanna plains in eastern and southern Africa. Kudu is very dependent on the close, dense thicket where the kudu can escape to and hide when they feel threatened. There are two species of the African kudu kudu Lesser and greater kudu. These two species are closely related and have to look very similar in appearance but there are several different ways that lesser kudu kudu larger and can be distinguished from one another. The lesser kudu had ten white stripes running vertically down the lower body where kudu greater kudu can have as between 4 and 12 lines. The big kudu also generally larger than the lower kudu.

Kudu is herbivorous and therefore have a diet completely vegetarian. Kudu looking for food in the forest and surrounding bush bite leaves of trees and shrubs. Kudu also eat other varieties of live plants such as herbs, flowers, fruit, and fruit fall. Kudu is prey to a number of predators such as lions, leopards, cheetahs, wild dogs and a large python that will occasionally hunt kudu smaller and more vulnerable people. Must be able to run very fast but often have trouble running predator that must rely on their fielding ability jump into the woods and forests where large carnivorous predators find it more difficult to pursue them. The must then be used to hide in the woods until the predator has finally given up and left.

Holy living in a small herd of up to 24 people kudu. The herd of kudu mainly composed of women saints and their calves as holy men tend to be solitary and only come together with other saints when it's time to mate. It is known that groups of up to 8 holy men will form the herd but this is very rare. Kudu mating season occurs at the end of the rainy season. The gestation period is about 8 months after the kudu kudu females usually give birth only one baby kudu. The Saints babies tend born around February and March when the grass was the highest and there is plenty of food to help the baby kudu calf to grow.

Kudu has both benefits and suffers from human contact. Humans find easy targets to hunt kudu and due to the fact that the Saints tend to stop and look after their escape. Some of the local tribesmen believe must be a sacred animal and therefore must protect rather than kill it. Human settlement also means that the habitat as amended and kudu kudu had to move to another area. It actually has done the world of good as kudu kudu had driven into areas where there is a better source of water and therefore the food.

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Cougar

Beauty Of Animal | Cougar |  Cougar is a Native American, particularly South America and western North America, and is often known by other names such as mountain lions, pumas and panthers. Cougars can be found mainly in the mountainous regions of Canada and Mexico, but as the name cougar is often used to describe an un-spotted leopards, cougars are also found in Asia and Africa. The cougar is the fourth largest cat in the world behind the lion, tiger and jaguar, cougar cat made ​​the second largest in the United States. The cougar has a length back of the front legs and long body weight.

Cougars prey on large mammals such as deer, elk, wolves and stray and can often go for long periods without food. Cougars are also known for their amazing ability to jump to 30ft. Cougars tend to have between 1 and 4 children, usually during the spring and summer when adult cougars hunt better after a harsh winter. A cougar usually live to about 20 years.

Due to wide range of cougars, cougar known in different places by different names. Until the late 1990s there were considered 32 different species of cougar inhabiting North and South America. Recent studies however, have shown that the DNA of 32 species the majority of cougar too similar. There is therefore only 5 different species of cougar found in the Americas. 

 

Today the cougar is found only in some parts of Florida in the U.S. Northeast and the range of cougars on the west coast have been dramatically reduced by human intervention. Cougar is most commonly found in the Canadian Rockies and the more mountainous areas of southern Mexico.

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Puma

Beauty Of Animal | Puma | Classification and Evolution, Puma is the Cat, the great secret is mainly found in the mountains south of Canada to the tip of South America. Also known as the Cougar and Lion Mountain, Pumas can reach larger sizes than some 'big' cat people but despite their large size is believed to be more closely related to species of small cats. Because of wide distribution, there are 7 subspecies of Puma all of which share similar characteristics but tend to be slightly different in color and sometimes size. 

 

Puma is considered one of the most adaptable cats in the Americas because they are found in a variety of different habitats and unlike many species Cat, Puma has no signs on the feather leads to the scientific name is Felis concolor, which means "cat of one color ' . Anatomy and appearance Puma, Puma is a predator that is very strong and has a slightly muscular hind legs are longer and stronger than the front, which makes them more agile when jumping.

Puma Behaviour and Lifestyle
The Puma is a solitary animal with the exception of the time children spend time with their mother. Pumas patrol large home ranges in search of food that vary from 80 square miles in summer to 40 in winter, when snow fell restrict access to some of the mountain areas. Some areas may become so hostile that Pumas migrated from the mountain forest and down into the valley to avoid the worst of the cold. Pumas are known to make a variety of different sounds, especially when the other Puma warning them away from the area and during the breeding season when they are looking for a partner.

Puma Predators and Threats
The Puma is one of the most dominant predator in many of their natural environment and are therefore rarely eaten by other species. It is known however, for the Pumas who are vulnerable because of illness or injury to be preyed upon by other large predators including the Bears and Wolves, and even other Pumas. The biggest threat to Puma, but are people who not only hunted this Cat is great (especially for the fur) but Puma has also undergone drastic habitat loss throughout much of the natural range, primarily due to expanding human settlements and deforestation for agriculture. In some areas they are hunted by ranchers who blame them for the loss of livestock Pumas.

Puma Relationship to Humans
Puma is a fearsome predator, and although attacks on human are rare, they still happen. There were nearly 100 attacks recorded in Humans but mostly because Puma has cornered or feel threatened in some way. Rare cases of severe famine also led Pumas Man attacked although this is not common because people are generally not seen as their prey. Total population of cougars throughout North and South America have declined over the last century in particular, mainly because of habitat loss and shooting Pumas by farmers who fear for their animals.

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Opossum

Beauty Of Animal | Opossum | Opossum is a medium sized animal found inhabiting farmland and wooded areas in North America. Opossum is thought to have evolved from the basic marsupials that live in the forests of South America. Opossum is often referred to as possums, although there is no direct relationship between the possums of Australia and American opossum. Opossum is the only species of marsupial found outside Australia the surrounding islands. Opossum is found to inhabit grasslands, farmland and forests in North America. Opossum is also found in urban areas where the opossum can become pests by eating trash, and food found lying around. Opossum is generally found in areas close to water.

Opossum is known as one of the world's animal carrying rabies and opossum are much more likely to have the disease than any other animal. Opossum is also considered to have immunity against snake venom such as pit vipers and rattlesnakes. Opossums are omnivorous animals and will eat almost anything that can be found. Opossum mainly eat insects, frogs, birds, snakes, small mammals, and earthworms. Opossum is also a great scavengers and will eat left over to kill other animals along with road-kill.

Opossum has a number of natural predators in the neighborhood despite the major predator opossum is a bird of prey such as owls and hawks, dogs, foxes and cats. Humans are one of the main predators as they hunt opossum them for meat but opossums are also often killed on the roads with cars. As with all marsupials, female opossum has a pouch in which the tears were still young. Opossum gave birth to as many as 15 babies, who were born just a few weeks. After birth, the baby opossum, climbed into their mother's pouch where they continue to grow and grow until they are a few months. Opossums are animals that are not endangered because of deforestation and despite habitat loss, opossums are becoming increasingly common in urban and suburban areas.Opossum

Opossum is a medium sized animal found inhabiting farmland and wooded areas in North America. Opossum is thought to have evolved from the basic marsupials that live in the forests of South America. Opossum is often referred to as possums, although there is no direct relationship between the possums of Australia and American opossum. Opossum is the only species of marsupial found outside Australia the surrounding islands. Opossum is found to inhabit grasslands, farmland and forests in North America. Opossum is also found in urban areas where the opossum can become pests by eating trash, and food found lying around. Opossum is generally found in areas close to water.

Opossum is known as one of the world's animal carrying rabies and opossum are much more likely to have the disease than any other animal. Opossum is also considered to have immunity against snake venom such as pit vipers and rattlesnakes. Opossums are omnivorous animals and will eat almost anything that can be found. Opossum mainly eat insects, frogs, birds, snakes, small mammals, and earthworms. Opossum is also a great scavengers and will eat left over to kill other animals along with road-kill.

Opossum has a number of natural predators in the neighborhood despite the major predator opossum is a bird of prey such as owls and hawks, dogs, foxes and cats. Humans are one of the main predators as they hunt opossum them for meat but opossums are also often killed on the roads with cars. As with all marsupials, female opossum has a pouch in which the tears were still young. Opossum gave birth to as many as 15 babies, who were born just a few weeks. After birth, the baby opossum, climbed into their mother's pouch where they continue to grow and grow until they are a few months. Opossums are animals that are not endangered because of deforestation and despite habitat loss, opossums are becoming increasingly common in urban and suburban areas.

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Badger

Beauty Of Animal | Badger | Badgers are found living in the forests of Europe and western Asia, scavenging for roots and fruits as well as worms and insects. Remarkably badger can run up to 30 miles per hour for short periods of time and have been known to successfully fight large mammals such as wolves, coyotes and bears! There have been occasional reports over the years of badgers are very aggressive towards dogs and even humans. 

 

The badger is capable of producing a painful bite, and some dolphins are also known to bring the most commonly known type of dolphin rabies.The is white and black striped badger in Western Europe. Badgers considered related to otters and weasels and often can grow to almost a meter in length! The badger living in underground burrows often contain a maze of tunnels. It is estimated that when digging the nest, the badger was able to remove tons of soil.

Badger is the common name for any animal of three subfamilies badger, which belong to the family Mustelidae. This is the same mammal family as ferrets, the weasels, otters, and several other types of carnivore meaning that the badger is most closely related to animals. There are eight different species of badger, and the species is divided into three subfamilies badger badger, badgers of Europe and Asia, Ratel or honey badger, and the American badger. The smell never classified as Asian badger badger badger species but today considered to be more closely related to skunks than raccoons.

Typical badger species have short legs and badgers also tend to have relatively heavy build. Lower jaw articulated with meaning  badger upper jaw that is almost impossible to remove badgers jaw. This allows it to maintain its grip on badger prey very easily, but it limits the movement of badgers jaw to open and close hinging or sliding from side to side.

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Elephant Shrew

Beauty Of Animal | Elephant Shrew | Elephant shrew is a small mammal found exclusively in Africa. Elephant shrew is also known as the jumping shrew, because rats can jump like a rabbit elephants use their long legs back. Mice elephants can be found inhabiting forests, woods, meadows and dense forests throughout Africa. There are nearly 20 different species of elephant shrew, all of which vary in both color and size.

Mice elephant known as the insects as they survive on food that consists only of insects. Despite their name and appearance of the same, Rat elephant is not considered directly related to temper their cousins ​​in other parts of the world. Mice elephant is an animal that is very active and is always hunting for food during the day. Because diurnal lifestyle of elephant shrew, have learned to live it in the most successful way possible. Rats elephants are very alert and well-camouflaged animals, and were able to escape from danger very quickly.

A number of species of elephant shrew made a series of paths cleared through the bush and spend their days patrolling them for insect life. Line also provides elephant shrew a clear home-run should it be compromised by potential predators. Although mice elephants are omnivorous animals, diets of elephant shrew is almost entirely made up of insects. The elephant shrew hunting worms and grubs from outside the ground, spiders that run along the ground and insects found around it.

Due to the small size of the elephant shrew, it has a number of natural predators in the wild. Snakes, lizards, birds of prey and omnivorous mammals all prey on elephant shrew, but do not eat the elephant shrew easiest way to try and catch. Rats female elephants delivered more than 1 liter of babies every year. Mice baby elephant born after a gestation period that can be between 1 and 2 months. Baby elephant Mice thrive when they are first born but remain in the nest for a few days before they start to head in the wide world.

Kinds Of Elephant Shrew

Black and rufous elephant shrew

The black and rufous elephant shrew (Rhynchocyon petersi), also known as the black and rufous sengi, is one of 16 species of elephant shrew alive today in Africa. Like other members of the genus Rhynchocyon, it is a relatively large species, with adults averaging c. 28 cm (11 in) in length and 450-700 g (1-1.5 lb) in weight. It is endemic to Kenya and Tanzania. It eats insects and small mammals (especially the black rat) as well as vegetation.
Because they are classified as vulnerable, several zoos have begun breeding these elephant shrews, including the Philadelphia Zoo, which has a successful breeding program. Two black and rufous elephant shrew brothers were born on February 4th 2007 at the Smithsonian National Zoo in Washington DC. They now reside, for the time being, at the Yale Peabody Museum in New Haven, CT as part of the Tree of Life exhibit

Golden-rumped elephant shrew

 

The golden-rumped elephant shrew (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus) is the largest of the African elephant shrew family. It is the size of a small rabbit, and is only found in the coastal Arabuko Sokoke National Park north of Mombassa in Kenya. Its name is derived from the conspicuous golden fur on its hindquarters which contrasts strongly with its otherwise dark fur. On juveniles its fur shows vestigal traces of the checkerboard pattern seen on another giant elephant shrew, the checkered elephant shrew (Rhynchocyon cirnei).

The golden-rumped elephant shrew lives on the forest floor of evergreen forests, rooting through the leaf litter for 80% of the waking day looking for grasshoppers, beetles, spiders and other small invertebrates. The golden-rumped elephant shrew has evolved various stratagems to avoid predators, particularly snakes (like black mambas and cobras) and the southern banded snake-eagle. It is very fast, capable of running at 25km/h. When it detects a predator within its 'flight distance' it will bound off. If, however, the predator is outside its flight distance the elephant shrew will advertise its presence by slapping the leaf litter.

This lets the predator know that it has been seen and it should not waste its time chasing the elephant shrew. In the event of a chase, or an ambush, the golden flash of fur will also often deflect the predators attention away from the head and onto the rump, which has thickened skin. As a final precaution each shrew has several nests which it maintains, thus a predator finding a nest will not learn to associate them with potential food.

Short-eared Elephant Shrew

The Short-eared Elephant Shrew (Macroscelides proboscideus), or Round-eared Sengi or Round-eared Elephant Shrew, is a species of elephant shrew in the Macroscelididae family. It is found in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, and hot deserts. They eat insects, shoots, and roots. Their gestation period is 56 days. The Short-eared Elephant Shrew is the only species in its genus (monotypic), but is still grouped with the soft-furred (non-giant) elephant shrews, Elephant-shrews are among only a handful of monogamous mammals, making them a model group for the study of monogamy. The Short-eared Elephant Shrews have been studied for their mate guarding behavio

Four-toed elephant shrew

The four-toed elephant shrew or four-toed sengi is the only living species in the genus Petrodromus, which together with three other extant genera Rhynchocyon, Macroscelides and Elephantulus constitutes the order Macroscelidea. This species is only found in particular regions in Africa and is smaller in size compared to its relatives. A comprehensive recording of this species is lacking. As their name suggests, they have four toes on their hind feet and like other elephant shrews, it has been named for it's elephant-like, mobile trunk.

Rufous Elephant Shrew

The Rufous Elephant-shrew or Rufous Sengi (Elephantulus rufescens) is a species of elephant shrew in the Macroscelididae family. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. The name "Rufous Sengi"means "pygmy elephant, become red" in Latin.

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Fossa

Beauty Of Animal | Fossa | Fossa is a medium-sized carnivores are found exclusively on the island of Madagascar. Fossa belongs to which group of Malagasy carnivores are thought to have descended from Mongoose-like ancestors arrived in Madagascar from Africa and 24 million years ago. Fossa is not only one of the most ancient of the eight species found on the island but also the largest, meaning Fossa It is the largest mammalian predator of Madagascar. However, due to the appearance of a cat from Fossa primitive species that was believed cats to date. Unfortunately as the number of unique animal species found in Madagascar at this time though, Fossa are very rare and are now considered endangered in their natural habitat was mainly due to habitat loss.

Fossa Anatomy and Appearance

Fossa is the largest land predator on the island of Madagascar Individuals with some grow to nearly two feet in length from snout to the tip of their tails were long and slender. Fossa has a brief but solid red to dark brown fur and a head like a little cat and a dog-like snout, with eyes facing forward large and small, rounded ears. Although related to the weasel, Fossa has a very number of features including arched cat, retractable claws and webbed feet a little help ambos The Fossa When moving around between branches.

Fossa Distribution and Habitat

Like the majority of animal and plant species that are found on the island of Madagascar, the fossa are found nowhere else on Earth. Growing human settlements has greatly influenced Also Madagascar Population Fossa Often As They hunted by farmers who fear for their livestock. Behavior and Lifestyle Trench, Trench are solitary and nocturnal mammals that patrol the four major areas of square kilometers and mark their presence with the scent released from the anal glands of them. Reproduction and Life Cycle Fossa, ike many solitary carnivores, puddles only come together to mate During the breeding season in September and October.

Fossa Diet and Prey

Fossa is the largest mammalian carnivore in Madagascar and is therefore only survive by eating other animals in the surrounding forest. Fossa has evolved perfect for hunting and consumption of Lemurs and in fact, more than half of Fossa diet consists of Them. Fossa Predators and Threats, Humans pose the greatest threat to the Fossa They not only fear they hunted in their livestock, but has been completely destroyed Also 90% of the very large range of natural Fossa.

Fossa Interesting Facts and Features

Fossa tend to measure about a meter long tail of the same length, but on top of that, in recent years fossil Giant Fossa now extinct has been discovered in the forests of Madagascar, the largest fossil Fossa Giant Measured Nearly six feet long and estimated to weigh approximately 17 kg! Fossa can run incredibly fast, and added to that remarkable agility in the tree tops, so eating has been seen Fossa is very adept at capturing later.

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Indian Rhinoceros

Beauty Of Animal | Indian Rhinoceros | The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is also called one-horned rhinoceros greater one-horned rhinoceros and Asian and belongs to the family Rhinocerotidae. . This species is also heavily built the second largest living rhinoceros, behind only the White Rhinoceros. Males average head and body length of 368-380 cm (12.07 to 12.5 ft) with a shoulder height of 170-185 cm (5.6 to 6.07 feet) while women have an average head and body length of 310-340 cm (10.2 to 11.2 feet) and have a shoulder height of 147-173 cm (4.82 to 5.68 feet). Females weigh about 1,600 kg (3,500 lb) on average, men and normally weigh 2000-2130 kg (4400-4700 lb). Rhino horn is present in individual men and women, but not on newborn young. . Males develop a thick neck-folds

This huge rhinoceros is found in the Terai at the foot of the Himalayas, from Nepal to Bhotan.The Indian rhinoceros forms a variety of social groups. Only adult males in general, except for mating and fighting. Mainly adult females without calves only when, Subadult males and females form groups consistent as well. Young women are a little less social than males. Groups of up to 10 Rhinos gather in wallows-typically with a dominant male and female calves, but no subadult males.

The Indian rhinoceros makes a wide variety of vocalizations. Like all Rhinos, the Indian rhinoceros often defecates near other large leaf piles. The Indian Rhino has pedal scent glands are used to mark their presence on the rhino latrines. In totals, Indian Rhinos are often friendly. . Unlike African Rhinos, the Indian Rhino fights with his incisors, rather than horns.

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Black Rhinoceros

 

Beauty Of Animal | Black Rhinoceros | The name black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) is chosen to distinguish this species from the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). This can be confusing, because the two species actually differ according to color. There are four subspecies of black rhino: South-central (Diceros bicornis minor), the most numerous, which once ranged from central Tanzania south through Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique to northern and eastern South Africa, South west (Diceros bicornis bicornis) which are better adapted to arid and semi-arid savannas of Namibia, southern Angola, western Botswana and western South Africa, East African (Diceros bicornis michaeli), mainly in Tanzania ; and West African (Diceros bicornis longipes) which was declared extinct in November 2011. The native name Keitloa Tswanan be used to describe the diversity of South African black rhino in the posterior horn equal to or longer than the anterior horn.

The adult black rhinoceros stands 150-175 cm (59-69 in) high at the shoulder and from 3.5 to 3.9 m (11-13 ft) long. An adult weighs from 850 to 1600 kg (1,900 to 3,500 lb), exceptionally to 1800 kg (4,000 lb), with women less than men. Two horns on the skull are made of keratin with the larger front horn typically 50 cm long, exceptionally up to 140 cm. Sometimes, the third smaller horn may develop. The black rhino is much smaller than the white rhino, and has a pointed mouth, which they use to grasp leaves and twigs when feeding. During the second half of the 20th century their numbers are severely reduced from an estimated 70 000 in the late 1960s to 2410 only in 1995

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